In November 2020, socialists around the world celebrated the bicentenary of the birth of Friedrich Engels. It is a mistake, often repeated, to regard Engels as a mere popularizer of Marx’s ideas. Not only did he contribute, with Marx in 1844-48, to the formation of a new worldview — the philosophy of praxis or historical materialism — but he developed an analysis and argument on subjects that Marx did not want or could not study.
Nigeria: #EndSARS, Workers’ Power, and War
24 December 2021, by Kunle Wizeman AjayiIn October 2020, millions in Nigeria marched for two weeks in a revolt that shook the world. From Badagry to Yola, youth and workers rose in unity against the barbarism of police brutality and bad governance. Raising radical slogans and social media hashtags, and mobilizing spontaneous rallies, the rebellion was the most democratic movement in the history of Nigeria.
China: a new imperialism emerges
18 November 2021, by Pierre RoussetThe formation of a new imperialism is a rare event. It requires multiple preconditions related to the international situation and the specific characteristics of the country concerned. From this dual viewpoint, the Chinese emergence has posed us unusual questions.
A weakened but still toxic imperialism
18 November 2021, by Jacques Babel, Léon Crémieux“In the face of this, anti-capitalists and all democrats in France must develop solidarity in action with those who are oppressed and exploited, in particular by our own imperialism. More than a moral duty, it is an objective necessity because our interests are common with these peoples and not with ‘our’ capitalists.”
The Jakarta stage of Imperialism: Indonesia 1965, Singularity and Magnitude of a Model Catastrophe
18 November 2021, by Thierry Labica“While the imperialist defeat in Vietnam was certainly very real, the Anglo-American victory on a regional scale, less known and recognized, was just as real. The consequences would be profound and lasting.”
Understanding the Paris Commune On its 150th Anniversary
18 November 2021, by Dan La BotzThe Paris Commune of 1871 only lasted from March 18 to May 28, just 72 days, yet it is one of the most celebrated events in socialist history. It is a legend. Yet, what was it? What is it for us today? A model for socialists? A heroic failure? Negation of the state? Or the first workers’ government? Karl Marx wrote the most famous contemporary account, yet he failed to take up some of the Commune’s serious problems. Why?
Marx’s Commune: An Appreciation and a Critique
18 November 2021, by Dan La BotzThis article is part of a longer essay on the Commune the first part of which appears here.
After the Commune
18 November 2021, by William Clare Roberts“In the one hundred fifty years since the Paris Commune, the spectacular horror and grief of its death have competed with and sometimes overshadowed the dreams that animated its life. The Commune, declared in the teeth of both the invading Prussian army and the newborn republican government in Versailles, was given to multifarious interpretations, by participants and observers alike.”
Starmer tightens grip over Labour
6 November 2021, by Thierry Labica“It remains above all to be hoped that the British left in all its existing forms will succeed in regaining lasting organizational cohesion when the subjects of struggle become as literally vital as they are now: health, mental health, climate, poverty (for the elderly, children, at work...).”
Nancy Fraser: “Cannibal Capitalism” Is on Our Horizon
6 November 2021, by Martín Mosquera, Nancy FraserPolitical theorist Nancy Fraser tells Jacobin that we face several crises at once: in the economy, in social reproduction, in the environment, and in politics. Without dramatic intervention, we may end up with “cannibal capitalism.”
- Ernest Mandel - The Reasons for Founding the Fourth International
- Penelope Duggan - Ernest Mandel: partybuilder and pedagogue
- Eduardo Lucita - Thirty years since the death of Ernest Mandel
- Ernest Mandel - The strategy of transitional demands
- Alex de Jong - Ernest Mandel Was One of the 20th Century’s Greatest Marxist Thinkers
- More articles...
- Pierre Rousset - Daniel Bensaïd and permanent revolution, old and new questions
- Daniel Bensaïd - The tragic solitude of the Palestinians
- Daniel Bensaïd - Myths and legends of domination
- Darren Roso - Daniel Bensaïd’s “Untimely Marx”
- Alex Callinicos - Daniel Bensaïd and the broken time of politics
- More articles...
- Fourth International Programmatic Tendency - One of ours: Eleni Varika (1949-2026)
- Alex de Jong - Mohammed Harbi (1933-2026): Participant in and Historian of the Algerian Revolution
- Alain Cyroulnik - Jean Malifaud 1945 - 2026
- Kostas Skordoulis, OKDE-Spartakos - Eleni Varikas: the years with the FI in Greece
- Alan Wald - Eleni Varikas (1949-2026)
- More articles...
- Women of Centelhas - Popular Feminism: The Radical Force Capable of Defeating the Far Right in Brazil
- Anonymous - A Revolutionary Feminist Position on Iran: Vs. Authoritarianism, Vs. Imperialism, Vs. Zionism, and NO TO WAR!
- Leslie Root - Non-natalism
- Collective - From Michigan to Argentina: Nurses’ Struggles and International Solidarity
- Paris Wilder - Loneliness, suicide, misogyny. Capitalism
- More articles...
- Echo Fortune - Transgender socialism
- Aminah Jasho, Esme Abbott, Julisa Tambunan - Weaponising Gender: How gender became the perfect scapegoat for far-right and authoritarian actors
- Bridgette Nkomana, Amandla! - GBV in the LGBTQIA+ community: what is the picture and what are the ways to counter it?
- Yong-hui Hong - Transphobic hate is not an opinion but a crime that endangers the lives of transgender people
- Peter Drucker - Kevin Floyd’s Foundational Queer Marxism: A Tribute
- More articles...
- Éric Toussaint - Rosa Luxemburg and debt as an imperialist instrument - Part 1
- Éric Toussaint - Russia: Origin and consequences of the debt repudiation of February 10, 1918
- Éric Toussaint - Yanis Varoufakis’s Account of the Greek Crisis: a Self-Incrimination Pt 1
- Éric Toussaint - Yanis Varoufakis’s Account of the Greek Crisis: a Self-Incrimination Pt 2
- Joel Geier, Lee Sustar - World economy: The return of crisis
- More articles...
- Socialist Democracy - The pandemic is a symptom of capitalism’s sickness: Workers should look to their own survival
- PRT, Mexico - Political statement on the COVID-19 pandemic emergency
- National Secretariat of the PST (Socialist Workers Party) Algeria - Let’s act for self-organization and against the coronavirus and the authoritarian temptations of the regime!
- Solidarity National Committee - A Medical, Economic and Social Crisis
- James Fortin, Jeff Mackler - Coronavirus threatens the lives of billions
- More articles...
- Camile Dagher - Concerning the long-term solution
- Julien Salingue - Evolution of the "non-Islamic" national movement in Palestine since the 1980s
- Roland Rance - The impact of the Zionist project on Palestine and the region
- Salah Jaber - The imperialist strategy of the US in the Middle East
- Tony Richardson - Report on new unions in Palestine
- More articles...
- Ashley Smith - Trump’s strategy to reassert U.S. dominance
- Manfred Elfstrom - China’s labour movement under fire
- Andrea Ferrario - For Hong Kong activists: Exile, Prison and Repression Without Borders
- Fang - The Four Critical Junctures of Taiwan DPP’s Transformation from Democratic Reformers to US Client
- Worker Democracy - Preliminary Theses on the Taiwan Strait Crisis and Taiwanese Self-Determination
- More articles...
- Jaime Pastor - New Disorder, Geopolitical Transition and Militarization of Europe
- Anti*Capitalist Resistance - Oppose the Trump‑Putin axis, oppose European rearmament
- Gippò Mukendi Ngandu - For a campaign against rearmament, wars and imperialism
- Gilbert Achcar - In support of “synchronized global disarmament”
- Left Bloc - Europe in the Trump-Putin Axis Trap
- More articles...
- Elena Fernandez Fernandez - Serbia: Regime Crisis, Imperialist Dependence and Struggles for Self-Determination
- Gin Vola, Elias Vola - Popular mobilization under an authoritarian regime
- Gin Vola, Elias Vola - “The independent media played a crucial role in documenting the protests and making student demands visible”
- Ellana Caldin - Europe’s death chamber
- Denis Verstraeten - The EU and green colonialism in Serbia
- More articles...
- Ashley Smith, Federico Fuentes - Venezuela after the coup
- CPBML - On the Situation in Venezuela
- ZASO - Build solidarity with the people of Venezuela - Reject US imperialist aggression
- Liga de Unidad Socialista - Stop Washington’s imperialist escalation! Solidarity with the peoples of Venezuela and Latin America!
- Socialist People’s Forum - US Hands Off Venezuela!
- More articles...
Ernest Mandel Archive
Ernest Mandel (1923-1995) was the outstanding theorist of revolutionary maxism in the second half of the 20th century. The author of numerous books and articles on Marxist economics, he functioned for nearly 50 years as an active leader of the Fourth International, reflecting on rapidly changing social reality, and helping to orientate revolutionary marxists world-wide.
Daniel Bensaïd archive
In Memoriam - Obituaries and appreciations
Feminism
This section groups articles about women organizing as well as discussions of forms and analyses of women’s oppression.
Sexual politics
Economic and debt crisis
This section brings together articles on the economic and debt crisis, notably since the 2008 crisis. It includes reports given at the international economics seminar held in the International Institute for Research and Education in October 2009.
Covid-19 - Statements
Palestine seminar 2009
These articles are talks given at the seminar on Palestine held at the International Institute for Research and Education in February 2009. The seminar proposed a resolution on the situation in Gaza to the FI leadership which was adopted in February 2009.
China November 2025
Rearming Europe
Serbia dossier January 2026
Venezuela 2026
- Daniel Bensaïd and permanent revolution, old and new questions
- Popular Feminism: The Radical Force Capable of Defeating the Far Right in Brazil
- Transgender socialism
- Non-natalism
- Weaponising Gender: How gender became the perfect scapegoat for far-right and authoritarian actors
- Socialism or Barbarism - On the Eve of the 21st Century
- Ruptures: The New Manifesto of the Fourth International
- Anarchists in wartime. The experience of Solidarity Collectives in Ukraine
- Iran’s regime in a predicament of its own making
- Manifesto for an Ecosocialist Revolution: Possible consequences in the Philippines
- Introduction to the Manifesto for an Ecosocialist Revolution: Work Less, Live Better
- After the 1973 Coup in Chile
- The coup in Chile
- The Chile Coup and after
- The rising class consciousness of the proletariat and the problem of power
- Debate on the counter revolution in Chile (1973)
- Against Campism, for International Working-Class Solidarity
- Free Syria scares Israel, that’s why it sows hatred and occupies
- HTS must reject Assad-era neoliberalism
- Surrealism as a revolutionary movement
- An inflexible intervention for the liberation struggle of the Tamil people!
- Marching to a Different Drummer
- Andreas Malm: "Targeting SUVs or private jets can help struggles »
- Commons: A Ukrainian left-wing collective intellectual
- In Honour of Marijke
- Thank you Marijke! Having met you inspires us to continue..
- Western diplomats offer rotten climate carrot, and wield broken sanctions stick
- International food crisis and proposals to overcome it
- Internationalism, Anti-Imperialism, And the Origins of Campism
- Theoretical and practical conclusions of Marxist feminism
- Tribute to Daniel Bensaïd - a “distant comrade”
- Ecological Imperialism and Jair Bolsonaro’s Agenda in Brazil
- Ernest Mandel’s ‘Introduction to Marxist Theory’
- Struggling against Islamophobia without lapsing into Orientalism
- Reda Ibrahim Farag - Egyptian revolutionary Marxist
- Bill Onasch: The life of a Marxist in the American workers movement
- The relevance of the theory of permanent revolution and its topicality
- Rayner O’Connor Lysaght Presente!
- Feminism: women fighting for their rights have always met resistance from male power …
- Marxism and the oppression of trans people
- Trans Liberation and Socialist Feminism
- “What does Rossana say?”
- The History of Women’s Movements in Asia and the Middle East
- Gisèle Halimi: A courageous anti-colonialist and feminist lawyer
- Luis Sepulveda, revolutionary activist and Chilean writer, has died from Covid-19
- Women, race and class in social movements: An extract
- Farewell Comrade Lal Khan
- Thinking and acting from Marxism today - Feminist proposals for a theoretical and strategic rearmament
- Tribute to David Sanders (5 August 1945 – 30 August 2019), Revolutionary humanist and socialist
- Maria José Belo Meca Maranhão
- Change Everything: Foundations and Challenges of the Feminist Strike in Spain
- Nicaragua: The other revolution betrayed
- The Political Economy of Hungary’s New “Slave Law”
- Helena Lopes da Silva (1949-2018)
- Adam Smith and the Yellow Vest Movement.
- A last farewell to Mick Woods
- Fifty years after the revolutions of ‘68
- The spirit of 1968 is inextinguishable – even 50 years later
- Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia: 1968 as the antipodes of 1989
- The Russian Revolution, Black Bolshevichki and Social Reproduction
- The strategic role of the soviets in the class struggle
- On the contribution of the outstanding Hungarian Marxist philosopher István Mészáros (1930-2017) to critical thinking
- After Alienation
- Identity Politics Can Only Get Us So Far
- Queer sexuality, labour and nation
- From the concept of the people to the materialization of a leader?
- Being Brave Because It Is Right
- Voting on Dictatorship
- Lenin and Trotsky confronting the bureaucracy
- World economy: The return of crisis
- Xi Jinping’s China – An extremely complex transition whose outcome remains unpredictable
- Part 3: Argentina - Further Action against Illegitimate Debt
- “The Hammer Blow of the Revolution”
- Remembering the riots of spring 1976 in China
- Newly Independent Greece had an Odious Debt round her Neck
- Origins, dynamics and developments of the revolutionary process
- “Daniel Bensaïd fought to the end against a system that knows no bounds in brutality”
- New capitalist domination and imperialism in Africa
- Capitalism and Gender Oppression
- The Intersectional Conundrum and the Nation-State
- Closing the Conceptual Gap
- The biodiversity crisis and the environmentalist left
- Environment: The foundations of revolutionary eco-socialism
- The state of reproductive rights in 2015
- The social movement for independence and the crisis of the British state
- The European Central Bank’s true priorities
- The big private banks run on LTRO
- South Korea : the miracle unmasked
- “Leaps Leaps Leaps”: Lenin and politics
- LGBT Activism in Mainland China
- The Notion of the Revolutionary Crisis in Lenin
- Remarks on Gender
- The World Bank and the IMF in Indonesia: an emblematic interference
- The World Bank and the Philippines
- Early Soviet Commitment to Environment Protection and its Decline
- United States : the Fed Bails Out Wall Street
- World Bank and IMF support to dictatorships
- Domination of the United States on the World Bank
- Private banks shamefully enjoy a monopoly of lending to the public sector
- Governments make Gifts Galore to Private Banks
- Central Banks lend massively to the banking sector
- The Impunity Enjoyed by the Banks must Stop
- Complicity of Dexia in very serious Human Rights violations in the Israeli occupied territories
- The Big Banks Organise Massive Tax Evasion on an International Scale
- Big banks’ tampering with interest rates
- Drug and Bank Lords
- Banks and the New “Too Big to Jail” Doctrine
- The cancellation of German debt in 1953 versus the attitude to the Third World and Greece
- Why the Marshall Plan ?
- SUNFED versus World Bank
- Early conflicts between the UN and the World Bank/IMF tandem
- The World Bank assists the powerful witch-hunters
- Concerning the founding of the Bretton Woods’ Institutions
- Women and the Early Years of Japanese Communism
- Freedom Summer, 1964: An Overview
- The personal and the political
- James Hansen’s ’exit strategy’ from global warming
- A Fossil Fuel Exit Program
- The roots and grassroots of the Syrian revolution
- Precarity as contraceptive: conversations on the situation of abortion in Spain
- 100th Anniversary of The Woman’s Dreadnought
- Clara Zetkin in the lion’s den – Workers’ unity and feminism at the 1921 Comintern congress
- The Liberation of Women
- "We Shall Overcome": Honoring Pete Seeger
- Luxemburg and Trotsky on Russian Revolution
- An Interview with Alan Sears
- Socialist Feminism – Hidden from Herstory
- The Fourth International and women’s liberation
- The feminist challenge to traditional political organisations
- The forgotten history of the “class struggle feminist” current
- The implications of gender equality at work on female workers from 1968 to the 1980s in France
- The transitional program and the tools to overthrow capitalism
- General Vo Nguyen Giap (1911-2013): Military hero, revolutionary intellectual, environmentalist
- Norman Geras: “An adult life divided into two distinct chapters”
- Idalberto Ferrera Acosta (1918-2013), Cuban Trotskyist
- In women’s liberation the first step is self-consciousness
- For an anticapitalist feminism in the here and now
- Dangerous Liaisons: The marriages and divorces of Marxism and Feminism
- Feminism to the tune of the cumbia, corrida, tango, cueca, samba . . .
- Women and work in Western Europe
- Jean-Michel Krivine (1932-2013): a militant surgeon and an internationalist
- A Marxist Critique of Post-Marxism
- Why socialists need feminism
- The Current Mobilizations over Rape
- A Plea for an Ecological Reconstruction of Marxism
- Struggle for Self-Determination of the Bangsamoro Revolutionary Fronts: A Historical Perspective and Current Realities
- For another difference
- On the question of sexual difference
- Postmodernism and Feminism
- The significance of Occupy
- Francis Fukuyama and the ‘absent left’
- A personal tribute to Dave Packer
- Dave Packer: a tribute
- Gerry Foley: A Life Dedicated to Socialist Revolution
- The Left against Debt-tatorship
- In the eye of the storm: the debt crisis in the European Union
- Che Guevara in Search of a New Socialism
- The crisis of French Marxism
- Strategy and Party
- The spark ignites in the action - the philosophy of praxis in the thought of Rosa Luxemburg
- Marxisms, theory, yesterday and today
- Marxism and Feminism
- The powers of communism
- Seventy years since the formation of the Fourth International
- Has working-class consciousness collapsed?
- Elements of revolutionary strategy
- The Challenge of Revolutionary Democracy in the Life and Thought of Rosa Luxemburg
- Uneven and Combined Development and the Sweep of History: Focus on Europe
- Dialectics and Revolution
- The Marxism of Trotsky’s "Results and Prospects"
- The Mole and the Locomotive
- Marx, Weber and the Critique of Capitalism
- 1993: The nature of social-democratic reformism
- Lessons from a Critical Intellectual
Keyword Features
Keyword home
Movement Builds to Free Milwaukee Muslim Leader Detained by ICE
On Monday, March 30, Salah Sarsour, President of the Islamic Society of Milwaukee (ISM) was stopped by a dozen vehicles and arrested by 10 Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agents who first took him to the Broadview Detention Center in Illinois, and then to the Clay County Justice Center, near Terre Haute, Indiana.
- read article...For an anti-fascist front against the far right
The first round of the local elections took place against a backdrop of widespread creeping fascism in France and comes after a brutal offensive by the far right, during which the traditional ‘Republican’ right has decisively broken from much of its historical framework and values.
- read article...Brazil’s PSOL opposes federation with the governing PT
The majority of the party votes to maintain its autonomy and a commitment to social change.
- read article...Lyes is freed!
After 59 days of unjust imprisonment, Lyes Touati has finally been acquitted - 59 days of waiting, mobilization, solidarity and determination.
- read article...The Massacre of Protesters Will Not Block the Path to Freedom
International Viewpoint is published under the responsibility of the Bureau of the Fourth International. Signed articles do not necessarily reflect editorial policy. Articles can be reprinted with acknowledgement, and a live link if possible.
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