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International Viewpoint, the monthly English-language magazine of the Fourth International, is a window to radical alternatives world-wide, carrying reports, analysis and debates from all corners of the globe. Correspondents in over 50 countries report on popular struggles, and the debates that are shaping the left of tomorrow.

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  • Part 6 of the Series: Centenary of the Russian Revolution and the Repudiation of Debt

    Russian loans never die

    7 October 2017, by Éric Toussaint

    Even though Russian bonds were repudiated by the Soviet government in February 1918, they were still traded right up until the 1990s.

    French government policy and that of other governments was directly related to this life after death.

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  • Part 9 of the Series: Centenary of the Russian Revolution and the Repudiation of Debt

    The Soviet counter-attack: the Treaty of Rapallo, 1922

    7 October 2017, by Éric Toussaint

    The London report presented in the previous chapter was such a deliberate provocation on the part of Western powers that the Soviet delegation immediately got in touch with the German delegation, which Paris and London had somehow prevented from fully attending the Genoa Conference. France and Britain were hoping that they could coax the Soviet Russians into accepting the conditions mentioned above or, at least some of them, to strengthen their position when negotiating with Germany afterwards. The Russian issue clearly was a priority.

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  • Part 5 of the Series: Centenary of the Russian Revolution and the Repudiation of Debt

    The French press in the pay of the Tsar

    6 October 2017, by Éric Toussaint

    With the overthrow of Tsarism in February 1917 and the seizing of power by the Bolsheviks and their Socialist Revolutionary allies in October, numerous previously confidential documents were made public (see further on). This allowed Boris Souvarine, a Franco-Russian communist activist to consult Russian imperial archives. He discovered a vast organisation of complicity with the French press that pre-dated the First World War, aimed at promoting Tsarist bond issues to French investors. This affair, in which influential people were corrupted and became accomplices, was denounced by the communist daily L’Humanité in a series of daily articles entitled ’The abominable venality of the French press’ that appeared over a period of several months during 1923 and 1924.

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  • Part 4 of the series: Centenary of the Russian Revolution and the Repudiation of Debt

    The Russian Revolution, Peoples’ Right to Self-determination, and Debt Repudiation

    6 October 2017, by Éric Toussaint

    The Versailles Treaty was eventually signed on 28 June 1919 without Soviet Russia being involved. Even so, this treaty cancelled the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. Under Article 116 of the Versailles Treaty, Russia could claim compensation from Germany;yet, consistent with its demand for peace without any annexation or any claim for compensation, it did not do so. What mattered most to Soviet Russia was that the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk should be cancelled and the territories that Germany had annexed in March 1918 be given back to the peoples to whom they had belonged (the Baltic, Polish, Ukrainian and Russian peoples), in accordance with the principle of peoples’ right to self-determination upheld by the new Soviet government.

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