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Fourth International

International Viewpoint, the monthly English-language magazine of the Fourth International, is a window to radical alternatives world-wide, carrying reports, analysis and debates from all corners of the globe. Correspondents in over 50 countries report on popular struggles, and the debates that are shaping the left of tomorrow.

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  • Series : 70 years since Bretton Woods, the World Bank and the IMF (Part 2)

    The World Bank assists the powerful witch-hunters

    28 July 2014, by Éric Toussaint

    Contrary to common belief, the mission of the World Bank is not to reduce poverty in developing countries. The Bank’s mission, as originally conceived by the victors of the Second World War, the United States and Great Britain in particular, was to help rebuild Europe, and secondarily to promote the economic growth of the countries in the South, many of which were still under colonial rule. It was this second mission that went by the name of “development” and which constantly increased in scope. The World Bank lent money first of all to the colonial powers (Great Britain, France, Belgium) to help them more effectively exploit their colonies. Then, when these colonies became independent, the Bank made them liable for the debt that had only been contracted by their former metropolis in order to better exploit their natural resources and their population.

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  • Series : 70 years since Bretton Woods, the World Bank and the IMF (Part 1)

    Concerning the founding of the Bretton Woods’ Institutions

    28 July 2014, by Éric Toussaint

    70 years ago, July 22 1944, the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference, better known as the Bretton Woods [1] Conference, that had lasted for three weeks, reached a conclusion.}} It was attended by representatives from 44 countries [2].

    In order to prevent a recurrence of economic crises like the crash of 1929, but also to ensure world leadership in the post-war era, the United States government began to plan for the creation of international financial institutions as early as 1941. The World Bank and the International Monetary Fund saw the light of day at the Bretton Woods Conference of 1944 held in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire. Initially, the Roosevelt administration was in favour of creating strong institutions capable of imposing rules on the private financial sector, including Wall Street. But noticing the hostility of the banking world Roosevelt backed down. Indeed, the distribution of votes within the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund clearly illustrates the will of certain major powers to exert domination over the rest of the world.

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  • Our history

    Women and the Early Years of Japanese Communism

    15 July 2014

    Shomi Yoon gave this talk as part of Marxism 2014 in Melbourne.

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  • Civil Rights movement

    Freedom Summer, 1964: An Overview

    9 July 2014, by Marty Oppenheimer

    Just two weeks after the August 28, 1963 March on Washington, four girls aged 11-14 — Addie Mae Collins, Cynthia Wesley, Carole Robertson and Denise McNair — died in the bombing of the 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama.

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