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	<title>International Viewpoint - online socialist magazine</title>
	<link>https://internationalviewpoint.org/</link>
	<description>International Viewpoint, the monthly English-language magazine of the Fourth International, is a window to radical alternatives world-wide, carrying reports, analysis and debates from all corners of the globe. Correspondents in over 50 countries report on popular struggles, and the debates that are shaping the left of tomorrow.</description>
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		<title>International Viewpoint - online socialist magazine</title>
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		<link>https://internationalviewpoint.org/</link>
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<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>Venezuela's Process &amp; Fall: The Legacy of Hugo Ch&#225;vez</title>
		<link>https://internationalviewpoint.org/Venezuela-s-Process-Fall-The-Legacy-of-Hugo-Chavez</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://internationalviewpoint.org/Venezuela-s-Process-Fall-The-Legacy-of-Hugo-Chavez</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-09-16T11:48:21Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Peter Solenberger</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Venezuela</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Reviews</dc:subject>

		<description>&lt;p&gt;&#8220;IN THE FIRST decade of the 21st century, Hugo Ch&#225;vez's Venezuela had the most radical government and most developed social movements of the Latin American Pink Tide.[&#8230;]&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Twenty years later, Venezuela was far less attractive: its economy was ruined, its social movements were shells, and the government of Nicol&#225;s Maduro, Ch&#225;vez's successor, was repressive.&lt;/p&gt;

-
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/-Reviews-section-" rel="directory"&gt;Reviews section&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Venezuela-+" rel="tag"&gt;Venezuela&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Reviews-291-+" rel="tag"&gt;Reviews&lt;/a&gt;

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		<enclosure url="https://internationalviewpoint.org/IMG/pdf/venezuela-s-process-fall-the-legacy-of-hugo-chavez_a9737.pdf" length="1135484" type="application/pdf" />
		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>Latin America: Patterns and Pendulum</title>
		<link>https://internationalviewpoint.org/Latin-America-Patterns-and-Pendulum</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://internationalviewpoint.org/Latin-America-Patterns-and-Pendulum</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-09-13T06:05:37Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Marc Becker</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Brazil</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Chile</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Venezuela</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Colombia</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Argentina</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Peru</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Latin America</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Ecuador</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Bolivia</dc:subject>

		<description>&lt;p&gt;RECENT ELECTIONS ACROSS across Latin America appear to have placed the hard right firmly back in power. While the landscape may appear to be dim for the left, other factors signal glimmers of hope.&lt;/p&gt;

-
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/-IVP620-September-2026-" rel="directory"&gt;IVP620 - September 2026&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Brazil-+" rel="tag"&gt;Brazil&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Chile-+" rel="tag"&gt;Chile&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Venezuela-+" rel="tag"&gt;Venezuela&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Colombia-+" rel="tag"&gt;Colombia&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Argentina-+" rel="tag"&gt;Argentina&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Peru-+" rel="tag"&gt;Peru&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Latin-America-+" rel="tag"&gt;Latin America&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Ecuador-+" rel="tag"&gt;Ecuador&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Bolivia-+" rel="tag"&gt;Bolivia&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>



		
		<enclosure url="https://internationalviewpoint.org/IMG/pdf/latin-america-patterns-and-pendulum_a9730.pdf" length="1490711" type="application/pdf" />
		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>Washington's Seizure of Venezuelan Oil: Where Have the Oil Revenues Gone Since 3 January 2026?</title>
		<link>https://internationalviewpoint.org/Washington-s-Seizure-of-Venezuelan-Oil-Where-Have-the-Oil-Revenues-Gone-Since-3</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://internationalviewpoint.org/Washington-s-Seizure-of-Venezuelan-Oil-Where-Have-the-Oil-Revenues-Gone-Since-3</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-08-22T07:49:34Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>&#201;ric Toussaint</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>United States (USA)</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Economy</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Venezuela</dc:subject>

		<description>&lt;p&gt;On 3 January 2026, the United States launched a military operation against Venezuela, resulting in the capture and detention of President Nicol&#225;s Maduro and his wife, Cilia Flores, and their transfer to the United States. During this attack, carried out using 150 aircraft, around a hundred people lost their lives, including 32 Cubans who had attempted to protect the country's presidential palace; the remaining victims were Venezuelans. A few hours after this intervention, Donald Trump announced that Washington now claimed to be temporarily in control of Venezuela and would exploit its oil resources.&lt;/p&gt;

-
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/-IVP619-August-2026-" rel="directory"&gt;IVP619 - August 2026&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-United-States-USA-+" rel="tag"&gt;United States (USA)&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Economy-+" rel="tag"&gt;Economy&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Venezuela-+" rel="tag"&gt;Venezuela&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>



		
		<enclosure url="https://internationalviewpoint.org/IMG/pdf/washington-s-seizure-of-venezuelan-oil-where-have-the-oil_a9700.pdf" length="997475" type="application/pdf" />
		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>Latin America: A hostage to Trump's United States</title>
		<link>https://internationalviewpoint.org/Latin-America-A-hostage-to-Trump-s-United-States</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://internationalviewpoint.org/Latin-America-A-hostage-to-Trump-s-United-States</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-07-18T09:07:41Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Ana C. Carvalhaes</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>United States (USA)</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Brazil</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Venezuela</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Colombia</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Cuba</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Peru</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Latin America</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Bolivia</dc:subject>

		<description>&lt;p&gt;The largest region of the Americas is the only part of the planet where Trump has managed to make significant progress toward his national security policy goals. Trump faces significant difficulties on the domestic front, where he is trying to limit the predicted defeat for the midterm congressional elections in November.&lt;/p&gt;

-
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/-IVP618-July-2026-" rel="directory"&gt;IVP618 - July 2026&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-United-States-USA-+" rel="tag"&gt;United States (USA)&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Brazil-+" rel="tag"&gt;Brazil&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Venezuela-+" rel="tag"&gt;Venezuela&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Colombia-+" rel="tag"&gt;Colombia&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Cuba-+" rel="tag"&gt;Cuba&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Peru-+" rel="tag"&gt;Peru&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Latin-America-+" rel="tag"&gt;Latin America&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Bolivia-+" rel="tag"&gt;Bolivia&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>



		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>Internationalist solidarity with the Venezuelan people</title>
		<link>https://internationalviewpoint.org/Internationalist-solidarity-with-the-Venezuelan-people</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://internationalviewpoint.org/Internationalist-solidarity-with-the-Venezuelan-people</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-07-10T11:23:17Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Fourth International Bureau</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Venezuela</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Solidarity after disasters </dc:subject>

		<description>&lt;p&gt;&#8220;Popular mobilisation is crucial in a country that has endured repeated crises, a blockade and the deterioration of public services in recent years, and it gives full meaning to the saying &#8216;Only the people can save the people'. &#8221;&lt;/p&gt;

-
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/-News-from-around-the-world-" rel="directory"&gt;News from around the world&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Venezuela-+" rel="tag"&gt;Venezuela&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Solidarity-after-disasters-+" rel="tag"&gt;Solidarity after disasters &lt;/a&gt;

		</description>



		
		<enclosure url="https://internationalviewpoint.org/IMG/pdf/internationalist-solidarity-with-the-venezuelan-people_a9635.pdf" length="1027354" type="application/pdf" />
		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>215 years after Venezuela's Declaration of Independence: Long live the republic</title>
		<link>https://internationalviewpoint.org/215-years-after-Venezuela-s-Declaration-of-Independence-Long-live-the-republic</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://internationalviewpoint.org/215-years-after-Venezuela-s-Declaration-of-Independence-Long-live-the-republic</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-07-05T07:42:08Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Collective</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Venezuela</dc:subject>

		<description>&lt;p&gt;The massive demonstrations of popular solidarity following the earthquakes that shook the country on June 24 have once again shown us that no hardship can destroy the moral and spiritual foundation that defines us as a nation. We have responded to the destructive and deadly seismic energy with the restorative energy of humanity. With the same unyielding spirit that our Liberator Sim&#243;n Bol&#237;var displayed in the face of the earthquake of March 26, 1812, we will overcome this painful situation, and with the same resolve of yesterday and today, all patriotic forces will fight to regain our independence.&lt;/p&gt;

-
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/-IVP618-July-2026-" rel="directory"&gt;IVP618 - July 2026&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Venezuela-+" rel="tag"&gt;Venezuela&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>



		
		<enclosure url="https://internationalviewpoint.org/IMG/pdf/215-years-after-venezuela-s-declaration-of-independence_a9630.pdf" length="1199795" type="application/pdf" />
		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>In the time of predators</title>
		<link>https://internationalviewpoint.org/In-the-time-of-predators</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://internationalviewpoint.org/In-the-time-of-predators</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-03-05T14:52:00Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Antoine Larrache, Franck Gaudichaud, H&#233;ctor A. Rivera </dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Venezuela</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Cuba</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Latin America</dc:subject>

		<description>&lt;p&gt;The attack against Venezuela in early January and the abduction of Nicol&#225;s Maduro and Cilia Flores are part of the new U.S. strategy within the broader reorganization of the world and of inter-imperialist power relations. This aggressive strategy notably involves increased economic pressure and direct military interventionism toward Latin America.&lt;/p&gt;

-
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/-IVP614-March-2026-" rel="directory"&gt;IVP614 - March 2026&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Venezuela-+" rel="tag"&gt;Venezuela&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Cuba-+" rel="tag"&gt;Cuba&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Latin-America-+" rel="tag"&gt;Latin America&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>



		
		<enclosure url="https://internationalviewpoint.org/IMG/pdf/in-the-time-of-predators_a9436-2.pdf" length="1070871" type="application/pdf" />
		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>The process of accumulating wealth in the formation of a new Venezuelan bourgeoisie (2002-2026)</title>
		<link>https://internationalviewpoint.org/The-process-of-accumulating-wealth-in-the-formation-of-a-new-Venezuelan</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://internationalviewpoint.org/The-process-of-accumulating-wealth-in-the-formation-of-a-new-Venezuelan</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-02-14T19:59:35Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Lu&#237;s Bonilla-Molina</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Economy</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Venezuela</dc:subject>

		<description>&lt;p&gt;Since the beginning of the 20th century, the exploitation of oil in Venezuela has shaped particular characteristics of capitalist development: the formation of social classes and their political representation, the model of bourgeois enrichment, and forms of social control. The Brazilian economist Celso Furtado defined the Venezuelan case as &#8220;underdevelopment with an abundance of foreign exchange,&#8221; manifested in deindustrialisation, corruption, rapid concentration of wealth in the hands of a few, and severe poverty crises.&lt;/p&gt;

-
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/-IVP613-February-2026-" rel="directory"&gt;IVP613 - February 2026&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Economy-+" rel="tag"&gt;Economy&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Venezuela-+" rel="tag"&gt;Venezuela&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>



		
		<enclosure url="https://internationalviewpoint.org/IMG/pdf/the-process-of-accumulating-wealth-in-the-formation-of-a_a9416.pdf" length="1062300" type="application/pdf" />
		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>Venezuela after the coup </title>
		<link>https://internationalviewpoint.org/Venezuela-after-the-coup</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://internationalviewpoint.org/Venezuela-after-the-coup</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-02-12T11:03:04Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Ashley Smith, Federico Fuentes</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Venezuela</dc:subject>

		<description>&lt;p&gt;&#8220;Some &#8230; have argued that as the government is still largely intact, nothing has fundamentally changed. But &#8230; the balance of forces on which this government rests has fundamentally changed.&#8221;&lt;/p&gt;

-
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/-Venezuela-2026-" rel="directory"&gt;Venezuela 2026&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Venezuela-+" rel="tag"&gt;Venezuela&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>



		
		<enclosure url="https://internationalviewpoint.org/IMG/pdf/venezuela-after-the-coup_a9409.pdf" length="1031633" type="application/pdf" />
		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>Redemocratise society and politics to overcome the colonial situation </title>
		<link>https://internationalviewpoint.org/Redemocratise-society-and-politics-to-overcome-the-colonial-situation</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://internationalviewpoint.org/Redemocratise-society-and-politics-to-overcome-the-colonial-situation</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-02-06T10:50:00Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Lu&#237;s Bonilla-Molina</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Venezuela</dc:subject>

		<description>&lt;p&gt;&#8220;To tell the truth, however painful it may be, there are no possibilities at this time for unified mobilisations that demonstrate anti-imperialist national unity. Maduro's regime has led us to this disaster.&#8221;&lt;/p&gt;

-
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/-IVP613-February-2026-" rel="directory"&gt;IVP613 - February 2026&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Venezuela-+" rel="tag"&gt;Venezuela&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>



		
		<enclosure url="https://internationalviewpoint.org/IMG/pdf/redemocratise-society-and-politics-to-overcome-the-colonial_a9403.pdf" length="1044992" type="application/pdf" />
		

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