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	<title>International Viewpoint - online socialist magazine</title>
	<link>https://internationalviewpoint.org/</link>
	<description>International Viewpoint, the monthly English-language magazine of the Fourth International, is a window to radical alternatives world-wide, carrying reports, analysis and debates from all corners of the globe. Correspondents in over 50 countries report on popular struggles, and the debates that are shaping the left of tomorrow.</description>
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		<title>International Viewpoint - online socialist magazine</title>
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		<link>https://internationalviewpoint.org/</link>
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<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>On Ernest Mandel's Contributions</title>
		<link>https://internationalviewpoint.org/On-Ernest-Mandel-s-Contributions</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://internationalviewpoint.org/On-Ernest-Mandel-s-Contributions</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-01-15T13:52:32Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Paul Le Blanc</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Marxism</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Fourth International</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Ernest Mandel</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Reviews</dc:subject>

		<description>&lt;p&gt;&#8220;Kellner offers the following critical appreciation: &#8220;One hopes that many more people will be inspired by Mandel's verve and let themselves be motivated to live his kind of life, yet without succumbing to ungrounded political confidence or to some of his more questionable ideas.&#8221;&#8221;&lt;/p&gt;

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&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/-Reviews-section-" rel="directory"&gt;Reviews section&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Marxism-+" rel="tag"&gt;Marxism&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Fourth-International-45-+" rel="tag"&gt;Fourth International&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Ernest-Mandel-247-+" rel="tag"&gt;Ernest Mandel&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Reviews-291-+" rel="tag"&gt;Reviews&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>



		
		<enclosure url="https://internationalviewpoint.org/IMG/pdf/on-ernest-mandel-s-contributions_a9365-2.pdf" length="1264011" type="application/pdf" />
		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>The Reasons for Founding the Fourth International</title>
		<link>https://internationalviewpoint.org/The-Reasons-for-Founding-the-Fourth-International</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://internationalviewpoint.org/The-Reasons-for-Founding-the-Fourth-International</guid>
		<dc:date>2025-09-03T11:17:00Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Ernest Mandel</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Fourth International</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Ernest Mandel</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Historical events and figures</dc:subject>

		<description>&lt;p&gt;The Fourth International was founded on 3 September 1938. We are publishing for the first on International Viewpoint this article by Ernest Mandel published for the fiftieth anniversary, in 1988.&lt;/p&gt;

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&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/-Ernest-Mandel-Archive-" rel="directory"&gt;Ernest Mandel Archive&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Fourth-International-45-+" rel="tag"&gt;Fourth International&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Ernest-Mandel-247-+" rel="tag"&gt;Ernest Mandel&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Historical-events-and-figures-+" rel="tag"&gt;Historical events and figures&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>



		
		<enclosure url="https://internationalviewpoint.org/IMG/pdf/the-reasons-for-founding-the-fourth-international_a9155.pdf" length="1100841" type="application/pdf" />
		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>Ernest Mandel: partybuilder and pedagogue</title>
		<link>https://internationalviewpoint.org/Ernest-Mandel-partybuilder-and-pedagogue</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://internationalviewpoint.org/Ernest-Mandel-partybuilder-and-pedagogue</guid>
		<dc:date>2025-07-22T18:32:07Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Penelope Duggan</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Obituary</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Fourth International</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Ernest Mandel</dc:subject>

		<description>&lt;p&gt;&#8220;However, Ernest was also a practical revolutionary convinced of the need to build revolutionary organizations, both the section in Belgium and the Fourth International worldwide.&#8221;&lt;/p&gt;

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&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/-Ernest-Mandel-Archive-" rel="directory"&gt;Ernest Mandel Archive&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Obituary-+" rel="tag"&gt;Obituary&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Fourth-International-45-+" rel="tag"&gt;Fourth International&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Ernest-Mandel-247-+" rel="tag"&gt;Ernest Mandel&lt;/a&gt;

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		<enclosure url="https://internationalviewpoint.org/IMG/pdf/ernest-mandel-partybuilder-and-pedagogue_a9095-2.pdf" length="932663" type="application/pdf" />
		
		<enclosure url="https://internationalviewpoint.org/IMG/pdf/ernest-mandel-partybuilder-and-pedagogue_a9095-3.pdf" length="933226" type="application/pdf" />
		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>Thirty years since the death of Ernest Mandel</title>
		<link>https://internationalviewpoint.org/Thirty-years-since-the-death-of-Ernest-Mandel</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://internationalviewpoint.org/Thirty-years-since-the-death-of-Ernest-Mandel</guid>
		<dc:date>2025-07-22T17:41:15Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Eduardo Lucita</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Obituary</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Fourth International</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Ernest Mandel</dc:subject>

		<description>&lt;p&gt;Sunday, 20 July 1995, marks three decades since the death of Ernest Mandel (1923-1995) &#034;the most creative economist of our time,&#034; in the words of the Pakistani socialist Tariq Ali. Thus ended a whole life informed by the passion of revolutionary militancy and an intense activity in the construction of Marxist organizations and of the international itself.&lt;/p&gt;

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&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/-Ernest-Mandel-Archive-" rel="directory"&gt;Ernest Mandel Archive&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Obituary-+" rel="tag"&gt;Obituary&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Fourth-International-45-+" rel="tag"&gt;Fourth International&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Ernest-Mandel-247-+" rel="tag"&gt;Ernest Mandel&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>



		
		<enclosure url="https://internationalviewpoint.org/IMG/pdf/thirty-years-since-the-death-of-ernest-mandel_a9094.pdf" length="937243" type="application/pdf" />
		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>The strategy of transitional demands</title>
		<link>https://internationalviewpoint.org/The-strategy-of-transitional-demands</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://internationalviewpoint.org/The-strategy-of-transitional-demands</guid>
		<dc:date>2024-12-31T17:00:35Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Ernest Mandel</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Marxism</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Fourth International</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Ernest Mandel</dc:subject>

		<description>&lt;p&gt;We have particularly highlighted this aspect of the international dimension that every socialist strategy needs because it emerges unequivocally from the experiences and struggles of the European proletariat.&lt;/p&gt;

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&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/-Ernest-Mandel-Archive-" rel="directory"&gt;Ernest Mandel Archive&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Marxism-+" rel="tag"&gt;Marxism&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Fourth-International-45-+" rel="tag"&gt;Fourth International&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Ernest-Mandel-247-+" rel="tag"&gt;Ernest Mandel&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>



		
		<enclosure url="https://internationalviewpoint.org/IMG/pdf/the-strategy-of-transitional-demands_a8801.pdf" length="1046417" type="application/pdf" />
		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>A revolutionary and internationalist activist, both in thought and in action</title>
		<link>https://internationalviewpoint.org/A-revolutionary-and-internationalist-activist-both-in-thought-and-in-action</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://internationalviewpoint.org/A-revolutionary-and-internationalist-activist-both-in-thought-and-in-action</guid>
		<dc:date>2023-08-10T14:17:38Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>&#201;ric Toussaint</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Obituary</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Fourth International</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Ernest Mandel</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Ernest Mandel was an internationalist and revolutionary activist who combined thought and action throughout his life. In intellectual terms, his extensive theoretical output, his many analyses of the economic and political situation and his numerous articles influenced a large generation of activists, students, researchers and leaders of trade union, social and political organizations, well beyond the Fourth International, which Mandel helped to lead. Mandel was a builder of organizations. (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


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&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/-In-Memoriam-Obituaries-and-appreciations-" rel="directory"&gt;In Memoriam - Obituaries and appreciations&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Obituary-+" rel="tag"&gt;Obituary&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Fourth-International-45-+" rel="tag"&gt;Fourth International&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Ernest-Mandel-247-+" rel="tag"&gt;Ernest Mandel&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>



		
		<enclosure url="https://internationalviewpoint.org/IMG/pdf/a-revolutionary-and-internationalist-activist-both-in_a8202-2.pdf" length="1027686" type="application/pdf" />
		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>Ernest Mandel's &#8216;Introduction to Marxist Theory'</title>
		<link>https://internationalviewpoint.org/Ernest-Mandel-s-Introduction-to-Marxist-Theory</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://internationalviewpoint.org/Ernest-Mandel-s-Introduction-to-Marxist-Theory</guid>
		<dc:date>2021-10-08T07:24:10Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Ian Parker</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Marxism</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Fourth International</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Ernest Mandel</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Features</dc:subject>

		<description>&lt;p&gt;&#8220;Mandel's main fault, several speakers at the commemorative meeting claimed, was over-optimism. But he left us with writing on the history and economic grounding of capitalism, analyses of bureaucracy and alienation, and an account of the underlying structural preconditions for the world we live in today.&#8221;&lt;/p&gt;

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&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/-Ernest-Mandel-Archive-" rel="directory"&gt;Ernest Mandel Archive&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Marxism-+" rel="tag"&gt;Marxism&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Fourth-International-45-+" rel="tag"&gt;Fourth International&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Ernest-Mandel-247-+" rel="tag"&gt;Ernest Mandel&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Features-301-+" rel="tag"&gt;Features&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>



		
		<enclosure url="https://internationalviewpoint.org/IMG/pdf/ernest-mandel-s-introduction-to-marxist-theory_a7256.pdf" length="937017" type="application/pdf" />
		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>1990: The assassination of Trotsky</title>
		<link>https://internationalviewpoint.org/1990-The-assassination-of-Trotsky</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://internationalviewpoint.org/1990-The-assassination-of-Trotsky</guid>
		<dc:date>2020-08-28T17:47:36Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Ernest Mandel</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Fourth International</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Ernest Mandel</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Historical events and figures</dc:subject>

		<description>&lt;p&gt;This article was first published under the pseudonym of Louis Couturier in &lt;i&gt;La Gauche&lt;/i&gt;, the journal of the Belgian section of the Fourth International, on 19 September 1990.&lt;/p&gt;

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&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/-Ernest-Mandel-Archive-" rel="directory"&gt;Ernest Mandel Archive&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Fourth-International-45-+" rel="tag"&gt;Fourth International&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Ernest-Mandel-247-+" rel="tag"&gt;Ernest Mandel&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Historical-events-and-figures-+" rel="tag"&gt;Historical events and figures&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>



		
		<enclosure url="https://internationalviewpoint.org/IMG/pdf/1990-the-assassination-of-trotsky_a6790.pdf" length="933339" type="application/pdf" />
		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>Mandel and Capitalist Breakdown</title>
		<link>https://internationalviewpoint.org/Mandel-and-Capitalist-Breakdown</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://internationalviewpoint.org/Mandel-and-Capitalist-Breakdown</guid>
		<dc:date>2020-08-08T06:44:09Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>George Kerevan</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Marxism</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Scotland</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Economy</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Ernest Mandel</dc:subject>

		<description>&lt;p&gt;Using insights from Belgian Marxist thinker Ernest Mandel, economist George Kerevan argues capitalism will suffer profound breakdown this century.&lt;/p&gt;

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&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/-Ernest-Mandel-Archive-" rel="directory"&gt;Ernest Mandel Archive&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Marxism-+" rel="tag"&gt;Marxism&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Scotland-+" rel="tag"&gt;Scotland&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Economy-+" rel="tag"&gt;Economy&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Ernest-Mandel-247-+" rel="tag"&gt;Ernest Mandel&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>



		
		<enclosure url="https://internationalviewpoint.org/IMG/pdf/mandel-and-capitalist-breakdown_a6756.pdf" length="953571" type="application/pdf" />
		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>Emancipation and science: Ernest Mandel 25 years later</title>
		<link>https://internationalviewpoint.org/Emancipation-and-science-Ernest-Mandel-25-years-later</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://internationalviewpoint.org/Emancipation-and-science-Ernest-Mandel-25-years-later</guid>
		<dc:date>2020-07-20T07:45:41Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator> Alex de Jong</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Marxism</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Fourth International</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Ernest Mandel</dc:subject>

		<description>&lt;p&gt;This year marks 25 years since Ernest Mandel died. Mandel was one of the most significant Marxist economists of the second half of the twentieth century. In 1982, he was central to founding our Institute. A prolific scholar and activist until the end of his life, Mandel wrote dozens of books and hundreds of articles.&lt;/p&gt;

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&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/-IV546-July-2020-" rel="directory"&gt;IV546 - July 2020&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Marxism-+" rel="tag"&gt;Marxism&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Fourth-International-45-+" rel="tag"&gt;Fourth International&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Ernest-Mandel-247-+" rel="tag"&gt;Ernest Mandel&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>



		
		<enclosure url="https://internationalviewpoint.org/IMG/pdf/emancipation-and-science-ernest-mandel-25-years-later_a6735.pdf" length="951578" type="application/pdf" />
		

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