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	<title>International Viewpoint - online socialist magazine</title>
	<link>https://internationalviewpoint.org/</link>
	<description>International Viewpoint, the monthly English-language magazine of the Fourth International, is a window to radical alternatives world-wide, carrying reports, analysis and debates from all corners of the globe. Correspondents in over 50 countries report on popular struggles, and the debates that are shaping the left of tomorrow.</description>
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		<title>Debate on the counter revolution in Chile (1973)</title>
		<link>https://internationalviewpoint.org/Debate-on-the-counter-revolution-in-Chile-1973</link>
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		<dc:date>2025-09-15T11:36:40Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Livio Maitan, Lucio Colletti</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Chile</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Historical events and figures</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Features</dc:subject>

		<description>&lt;p&gt;Leading member of the Fourth International, Livio Maitan, replies to views expressed by the Marxist philosopher Lucio Colletti in a mass-circulation Italian weekly following the Chilean coup.&lt;/p&gt;

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&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/-Features-" rel="directory"&gt;Features&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Chile-+" rel="tag"&gt;Chile&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Historical-events-and-figures-+" rel="tag"&gt;Historical events and figures&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Features-301-+" rel="tag"&gt;Features&lt;/a&gt;

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		<title>Defeat of the referendum </title>
		<link>https://internationalviewpoint.org/Defeat-of-the-referendum</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://internationalviewpoint.org/Defeat-of-the-referendum</guid>
		<dc:date>2003-09-19T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Livio Maitan</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Italy</dc:subject>

		<description>&lt;p&gt;On June 15 and 16, 2003 Italian electors voted on two referendums originating from popular initiatives. The first proposed that article 18 of a statute protecting workers from dismissal without just cause should be enlarged to cover companies employing less than 16 workers. More than three million workers were directly affected. The second referendum concerned the uncontrolled construction of electricity networks.&lt;/p&gt;

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&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/-IV353-September-2003-" rel="directory"&gt;IV353 - September 2003&lt;/a&gt;

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&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Italy-+" rel="tag"&gt;Italy&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>



		
		<enclosure url="https://internationalviewpoint.org/IMG/pdf/defeat-of-the-referendum_a133.pdf" length="931449" type="application/pdf" />
		

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<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>Opening speech of the Congress </title>
		<link>https://internationalviewpoint.org/Opening-speech-of-the-Congress</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://internationalviewpoint.org/Opening-speech-of-the-Congress</guid>
		<dc:date>2003-05-09T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Livio Maitan</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Fourth International</dc:subject>

		<description>&lt;p&gt;The interval between this 15th World Congress and the preceding one is unusual in relation to our tradition. Certainly, this time gap stems from our organizational weaknesses. However, particularly in recent years, it is due to a very large extent to the revival of our national organizations.&lt;/p&gt;

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&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/-IV349-May-2003-" rel="directory"&gt;IV349 - May 2003&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Fourth-International-45-+" rel="tag"&gt;Fourth International&lt;/a&gt;

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		<enclosure url="https://internationalviewpoint.org/IMG/pdf/opening-speech-of-the-congress_a230.pdf" length="929847" type="application/pdf" />
		

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		<title>A Tribute To The Fallen </title>
		<link>https://internationalviewpoint.org/A-Tribute-To-The-Fallen</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://internationalviewpoint.org/A-Tribute-To-The-Fallen</guid>
		<dc:date>2003-05-09T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Livio Maitan</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Fourth International</dc:subject>

		<description>&lt;p&gt;Many comrades, men and women, have left us since the last world congress. Our publications have already paid tribute to our memory. Today we symbolically remember some of them.&lt;/p&gt;

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&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/-IV349-May-2003-" rel="directory"&gt;IV349 - May 2003&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Fourth-International-45-+" rel="tag"&gt;Fourth International&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>



		
		<enclosure url="https://internationalviewpoint.org/IMG/pdf/a-tribute-to-the-fallen_a232.pdf" length="921711" type="application/pdf" />
		

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		<title>From the Resistance to the new movements </title>
		<link>https://internationalviewpoint.org/From-the-Resistance-to-the-new-movements</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://internationalviewpoint.org/From-the-Resistance-to-the-new-movements</guid>
		<dc:date>2003-03-07T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Fausto Bertinotti, Livio Maitan</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Italy</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Reviews</dc:subject>

		<description>&lt;p&gt;Livio Maitan, a regular contributor to 'International Viewpoint', has just published La strada percorsa - Dalla Resistanza ai nuovi movimenti: lettura critica e scelte alternative (&#034;The Road Taken - From the Resistance to the New Movements: A Critical Reading and Alternative Options&#034;), with a preface by Fausto Bertinotti.&lt;/p&gt;

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&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/-IV348-March-2003-" rel="directory"&gt;IV348 - March 2003&lt;/a&gt;

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&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Italy-+" rel="tag"&gt;Italy&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Reviews-291-+" rel="tag"&gt;Reviews&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>



		
		<enclosure url="https://internationalviewpoint.org/IMG/pdf/from-the-resistance-to-the-new-movements_a253.pdf" length="950280" type="application/pdf" />
		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>Refounding Rifondazione</title>
		<link>https://internationalviewpoint.org/Refounding-Rifondazione</link>
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		<dc:date>2002-05-16T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
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		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Livio Maitan</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Italy</dc:subject>

		<description>&lt;p&gt;At its fifth congress since its foundation in 1991, Italy's Party of Communist Refoundation confirmed its specific, indeed unique, character in the history of the Italian workers' movement. It would today be difficult to find its equivalent not only among the parties of the European left, but also among those parties which identify with the working class and socialism in Europe and other continents.&lt;/p&gt;

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&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/-IV340-May-2002-" rel="directory"&gt;IV340 - May 2002&lt;/a&gt;

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&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Italy-+" rel="tag"&gt;Italy&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>



		
		<enclosure url="https://internationalviewpoint.org/IMG/pdf/refounding-rifondazione_a442.pdf" length="942001" type="application/pdf" />
		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>A triple triumph</title>
		<link>https://internationalviewpoint.org/A-triple-triumph</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://internationalviewpoint.org/A-triple-triumph</guid>
		<dc:date>2002-04-15T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Livio Maitan</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>World</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Social Forum</dc:subject>

		<description>&lt;p&gt;THE 2002 Word Social Forum in Porto Alegre was a triumph on three levels: in terms of participation, much bigger than in 2001, depth of political and theoretical reflection on the main problems of our epoch and definition of forthcoming events and future objectives.&lt;/p&gt;

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&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/-IV339-April-2002-" rel="directory"&gt;IV339 - April 2002&lt;/a&gt;

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&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-World-+" rel="tag"&gt;World&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Social-Forum-+" rel="tag"&gt;Social Forum&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>



		
		<enclosure url="https://internationalviewpoint.org/IMG/pdf/a-triple-triumph_a476.pdf" length="929833" type="application/pdf" />
		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>A new political framework</title>
		<link>https://internationalviewpoint.org/A-new-political-framework</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://internationalviewpoint.org/A-new-political-framework</guid>
		<dc:date>2001-06-03T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Livio Maitan</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Italy</dc:subject>

		<description>&lt;p&gt;The perspective of a victory for Silvio Berlusconi led to fairly lively reactions in the political circles of several European countries, which expressed two major concerns: the use that a personality with such economic power could make of access to political power and the threat that a coalition comprising a right populist party like the Northern League and the heirs of the neo-fascists, National Alliance, would represent.&lt;/p&gt;

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&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/-IV332-June-2001-" rel="directory"&gt;IV332 - June 2001&lt;/a&gt;

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&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Italy-+" rel="tag"&gt;Italy&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>



		
		<enclosure url="https://internationalviewpoint.org/IMG/pdf/a-new-political-framework_a641.pdf" length="947609" type="application/pdf" />
		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>PRC: The debate begins</title>
		<link>https://internationalviewpoint.org/PRC-The-debate-begins</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://internationalviewpoint.org/PRC-The-debate-begins</guid>
		<dc:date>2001-06-03T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Livio Maitan</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Italy</dc:subject>

		<description>&lt;p&gt;The Party of Communist Refoundation (PRC) took a heavy battering throughout the electoral campaign and in the days following the announcement of the results. So-called democratic and/or left journalists and intellectual masterminds competed in a kind of witch hunt against the PRC denounced as guilty of having helped Berlusconi become Premier.&lt;/p&gt;

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&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/-IV332-June-2001-" rel="directory"&gt;IV332 - June 2001&lt;/a&gt;

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&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Italy-+" rel="tag"&gt;Italy&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>



		
		<enclosure url="https://internationalviewpoint.org/IMG/pdf/prc-the-debate-begins_a642.pdf" length="937828" type="application/pdf" />
		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>The return of Berlusconi?</title>
		<link>https://internationalviewpoint.org/The-return-of-Berlusconi</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://internationalviewpoint.org/The-return-of-Berlusconi</guid>
		<dc:date>2001-04-03T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Livio Maitan</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Italy</dc:subject>

		<description>&lt;p&gt;If Berlusconi's fortunes have revived and he can hope to win on May 13, it is above all the centre-left which bears the responsibility, because of its calamitous record and its insistence on persevering in its orientations and its methods.&lt;/p&gt;

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&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/-IV330-April-2001-" rel="directory"&gt;IV330 - April 2001&lt;/a&gt;

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&lt;a href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/+-Italy-+" rel="tag"&gt;Italy&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>



		
		<enclosure url="https://internationalviewpoint.org/IMG/pdf/the-return-of-berlusconi_a669.pdf" length="941490" type="application/pdf" />
		

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