There is a core group of northern and western states with minimum wages above 1,070 EUR, followed by a “southern” group (Greece, Spain, Portugal and Malta) where the minimum wage is 500-600 EUR. Slovenia, the east European country with the strongest trade unions and best labour legislation, is approaching this level, with a 2003 minimum wage of 471 EUR.
Everywhere else in the former Stalinist states, the minimum wage varies from 121 to 207 EUR. Conditions are even worse in the next wave of EU candidates, such as Rumania (69 EUR) and Bulgaria (61 EUR). The minimum wage in Turkey is 240 EUR.
The gap is somewhat narrower if we adjust for the different buying power (price of goods and services) in each country. Whereas in monetary terms a Luxemburger on the minimum wage receives 12 times more than a Latvian, the money received can “only” buy four times as much.
The percentage of full time workers who earn the minimum wage varies from 0.8% (Spain) to 15.4% (Latvia). Everywhere except Hungary and Poland, there are more women than men earning the minimum wage.
Netherlands - 1,265 EUR | Greece - 605 EUR | Czech Republic - 207 EUR |
Belgium - 1,186 EUR | Malta - 543 EUR | Hungary - 191 EUR |
France - 1,173 EUR | Spain - 537 EUR | Poland - 177 EUR |
Britain- 1,083 EUR | Portugal - 498 EUR | Estonia - 159 EUR |
Ireland - 1,073 EUR | Slovenia - 471 EUR | Slovakia - 148 EUR |
Lithuania - 125 EUR | ||
Latvia - 121 EUR |
Source: Eurostat survey of minimum wages on 1. January 2004. By comparison, the minimum in the USA is 725 EUR.
Structural Funds
At the end of June, the European Commission confirmed that 24bn EUR will be distributed to the ten new member states from EU structural and cohesion funds in 2004-06. Structural funds are for those regions where GDP per capita is less than 75% of the EU average, for stimulating investment, and human resources projects, for development and training initiatives that link the new member states with the “new neighbours” like Russia, Ukraine and Serbia, and for programmes to promote equal opportunities for women and ethnic-linguistic minorities. Cohesion funds are for large infrastructure and environmental projects. Slovakia should receive up to 1.76bn EUR. Everywhere outside the capital, Bratislava, GDP is less than 75% of the EU average.